Rani an ravi went to vegetable market with their mother. They saw variety of fresh green vegetables with attractive colours. Their mother bought cauliflower, cabbage and reddish. Ravi asked his mother mom, do all he vegetable grow under the soil? His mother answered, No ravi we get some vegetable from stem, some from roots. Even some flowers ate used for cooking. Rani and Ravi were surprised to know that vegetable are from different parts of the plant. After returning home they sorted out all vegetable from the bag and discussed which vegetable is from stem, which is from root and which is flower. Their mother collected keezhaneli, curry leaves, and coriander leaves from the garden and said that the purpose of using these leaves in cooking is to add medicinal value and aroma. Discuss with your  


Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure and function. 

The living world comprises of plants and animal . Plants can prepare food by themselves, grow in size and reproduce various parts of the Plants are used as food,medicine,wood,and shelter.



Plants forms and function 

       Our body is made up of many organs. Similarly the Plant body is also made up of several organs such as root, stem,leaves, and flowers. Plants are of many forms and many colours, yet they are alike in some manner. That is, they all have stems and leaves above the ground which we can see easily and roots below the ground. 


1.Root System 

      The underground part of the main axis of a plant is known as oot. It lies below the surface of soil. Root has no nodes and internodes. It has a root cap at the tip. A tuft of root hairs is found just above the root tip. Roots are positively geographic in nature 

Root system is classified into two types.


a. Taproot system


b. Fibrous root system


It consists of a single root, called taproot, which grows straight down into the ground. Smaller roots, called lateral roots arise from the taproot. They are seen in dicotyledonous plants.


Example: Bean, Mango, Neem.

b. Fibrous root system


from the base of the stem. They are thin It consists of a cluster of roots arising and uniform in size. It is generally seen in monocotyledonous plants.


Example: Grass, Paddy, Maize.

1. Shoot system


The aerial part of the plant body above the ground is known as the shoot system. Main axis of the shoot system is called the stem. The shoot system consists of stem, leaves, flowers and fruits.

Stem


Stem grows above the soil, and it grows towards the sunlight. It has nodes and internodes. Nodes are the parts of stem, where leaf arises. The part of the stem between two successive nodes is called internode. The bud at the tip of the stem is known as apical or terminal bud, and the buds at the axils of the leaves are called axillary buds.

Functions of the stem


❖ Supports the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits.to upper aerial parts of the plant.

 ❖ Transports water and minerals from roots


• Transports the prepared food from leaves to other parts through stem.

  *Stores food as in the case of sugarcane

A leaf has a stalk called petiole. The flat portion of the leaf is called leaf lamina or leaf blade. On the lamina, there is a main vein called midrib. Other veins are branched out from mid rib. The portion of the leaf connected in the nodal region of the stem is known as the leaf base. Leaves of some plants possess a pair of lateral outgrowth on the base, on either side of axillary bud. These are called stipules.


The green colour of the leaf is due to the presence of green coloured pigment called chlorophyll. 

On the lower side of the leaf there are tiny pores or openings known as stomata.

Functions of the Leaves


The green leaves prepare food by photosynthesis.They help in respiration.They carry out transpiration.